Who ensures that Society has the professionals it needs? Differences in the policy directions of three European countries

Abstract (165)<br/>European policy makers consider higher education essential for the development of high-level employable professionals but who is responsible for ensuring that Europe has the professionals that it needs. In this article, we examine how policy from three European countries – the Netherlands, Germany and England – position the responsibility for producing professionals in the interplay between higher education, society and the economy. Our findings show substantial differences between the three countries, which highlight possible opportunities and risks for students, within a single European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Differences in who decides, and at which level of detail the design of higher education is defined challenges the rights all European citizens to have similar educational opportunities for employment. Given that the EHEA was created to ensure equality and comparability between European societies, this finding underlines the necessity of not only looking at formal and legislative arrangements but also at the strategic and visionary perspective of European legislation to gain a common understanding of higher education across the EHEA.<br/>